Introduction and Methodology
Disasters cannot be avoided because they are unpredictable and they vary in their magnitude. However Nuri Sahin Jersey , the best strategy is to have in place a disaster recovery management plan so that the normal functioning of the business can be restored after a disaster strike. The main purpose of a disaster recovery management is to recover the information systems鈥?operation in the shortest time possible (Snedaker, 2013). In the event of an emergency situation, insufficient planning or technology deployment may compromise the return of the normal operations and consequently bring about the financial downfall. For an organization, disaster means a sudden disruption of all or some of its business operations, something that can directly lead to revenue loss. Thus, it is crucial to have a disaster recovery plan if the disasters are to be effectively managed in the enterprise.
Depending on the magnitude of the disaster Neven Subotic Jersey , the enterprise can achieve disaster recovery by restoring their information systems at the same site or alternative site using the alternative equipment (Meissner et al., 2002). Having a proper disaster recovery management will require an organization to have extensive manual approaches to bring the information technology environment back to the operational state. For example, the services should be reestablished, the servers should be rebuilt, applications be reinstalled, and the data should be completely restored. The infrastructure that can have usage for disaster recovery include virtualization Maximilian Philipp Jersey , backup to disk, remote data center facilities, backup to tape, tape vaulting, server hardware, replication Marwin Hitz Jersey , network, and networking services. The increasing number of disasters, as well as the security concerns, has forced companies to place a high priority on recovery and business continuity (Olshansky, Hopkins, & Johnson Marius Wolf Jersey , 2012). It is thus demanding that these organizations employ a set of emerging best practices with the aim of ensuring that effective business continuity as well disaster recovery is accomplished.
In this research project, the researcher will aim to solve some impending problems that companies face in their disaster management activities. For one, many enterprises usually leave the work of the disaster recovery management to the IT department, and the role of all the stakeholders is ill-defined. Then another problem that the researcher has noted in many organizations is that these organizations do have one disaster recovery plan without that serve the entire organization instead of having additional divisional disaster management plans. Enterprise also narrowly forces on the possible disasters for instance by focusing the only in the natural disasters and the external threats while forgetting about the inside threats to their information systems security (Fallara, 2003). All these issues make enterprises not have an effective and complete disaster recovery management practice.
The aim of the researcher is to shed more light on this topic of disaster recovery management and help businesses and companies to have a comprehensive view of the same. These organizations will get to realize the essence of having disaster recovery plans and involving all the stakeholders while devising these plans so that each one of them gets to know the roles they should play in disaster management. The paper will carry intensive research on this topic and then illuminate the current and emerging best practices for disaster management in organizations. He will get to present the best approach to disaster management that organizations should follow to be effective in managing any disasters.
鈥?br > Methodology
What is Action Research?
Action Research (AR) is a participatory process whereby the researchers work together with the participants to plan, implement Mario Gotze Jersey , and reflect on the evidence-informed actions to address the issues they have discovered (Nielsen, 2006). It starts with the identification of the issue or the research question in which people are interested. That can be done through, for instance, consultation needs assessment or thinking about a question that has been put forward by the project founder. The next step entails carrying out research to determine what is known about this issue or question. That can include demographic or other statistical data regarding the issue, interviews, surveys Marco Reus Jersey , and assessments. Based on those findings, the research actions can then be planned, performed, and then evaluated so as to see if the questions or issues have been successfully addressed (Cahill, 2007). This can be diagrammatically shown as below.


Figure 1: The Action Research process. Source: Gabel (1995). Retrieved from > History of Action Research
We can trace the theoretical roots of AR to Dewey (Dewey, 1933 in Nielsen Marcel Schmelzer Jersey , 2006) who devised a reflective thinking model with five stages including suggestion, intellectualization, hypothesizing, reasoning and lastly testing the hypothesis. However, when many researchers are describing the historical background of AR, they mainly focus on the work of Kurt Lewin (1890-1947) as well as John Collier (1984-1968). Lewin was a Germany social scientist while Collier was the commissioner of the US. Neilsen (2006) says that Lewin and Collier were only refining the theory of AR or to create changes in the AR practice and develop a new one. In the 1940s Marc Bartra Jersey , the AR methodology was primarily used in the US to solve problems that industries faced including the industrial conflicts, absenteeism, morale, and relationship of the workers鈥?behavior to productivity (Hart & Bond, 1995). However, the Tavistock Institute became the main force behind the development of the AR throughout the world (Holter & Schwarz-Barcott Manuel Akanji Jersey , 1993).
Applications of AR
AR has been applied in the social sciences with the aim of devising the met

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